Dogs of the World book - Corrections and References

 
This blog post consists of recommended references for my book, Dogs of the World. This is a long list, but my actual list of references was a lot longer. I have tried my best to keep this under 10 pages!

First, some corrections: 

These errors will be fixed in future editions and the e-book.

Blue Tongues (p215-219) My illustrations of the Chow Chow, SongMao Dog, Tang Dog, and Shar Pei are supposed to have blue tongues. Please reach out if you would like to receive a small postcard with the intended correct designs. 

Streeties' cities of origin (p 237) The last line should read: These are streeties from Mumbai and Bangalore. (Not Delhi)  

 

What is A Dog Breed Anyway? 

Perspectives and food for thought:

• What is a breed and why does it matter?  (essay) by D. Phillip Sponenberg, geneticist and preservation breeder.
• The Invention of the Modern Dog, Breed and Blood in Victorian Britain (book) by Michael Worboys, Julie-Marie Strange, and Neil Pemberton dives into 19th century Britain's creation of standardized dog breeds, breed clubs, dog shows, and more... 
• The cultural definition of a dog breed (blog post) by S. Westfall
• Dog breeds - What are they good for? Part 2 (blog post) - by Craig Koshyk

Chapter 1: Where Do Dogs Come From?

•  Dawn of the Dog (book) by Janice Kohler-Matznick. Covers aboriginal and indigenous dogs.
•  The domestic dog: man's best friend in the genomic era (paper) by Adam Boyko
• Evolution Unleashed: The Making of The Dog (video) by Adam Boyko
• The Difference between a Landrace and a Breed by Edith Gallant (Africanis Society) (blog post) by Bruce Elfstrom. 
• Managing Breeds for a Secure Future (book) by D. Phillip Sponenberg is about livestock animals, not dogs, but explains many concepts related to standardization and preservation.  

In Great Britain and Europe:

•  Of English Dogges (public domain book) by John Caius was one of the first English language books that named dogs by their socioeconomic class.
• Turnspit Dog (article) by Graceli Marlin, Barkpost
• Medieval Hunting Dogs (website)
• Robert Bakewell (bio)
• How the dog found a place in the family home (article) on how dogs became pets in Victorian England, Cambridge research news
• The Invention of the Modern Dog, Breed and Blood in Victorian Britain (book) by Michael Worboys+  looks at the origins of dog shows,  the creation of fashionable breeds, the split between sporting and non-sporting breeds, and more.
•  Dogopolis (book) by Chris Pearson. A detailed history of attitudes towards dogs when London, Paris, and New York modernized in the late 1800s; including the killing of street dogs, the creation of dog pounds and police dogs, and the rise of animal humanitarianism. Also recommended: Chris Pearson's blog, Sniffing the Past.  

Breeds as cultural/national identities:

• Dog Fancy at War: Breeds, Breeding and Britishness 1914-1918 (essay) by Phillip Howell
• Greyhound Nation (book) by Edmund Russell is a deep dive into how British greyhounds co-evolved with people and transformed from 1700s hunting dogs to a 20th century national standardized type. Breeds are not static entities. They change over time, alongside human societies.
• Pit Bull: The Battle Over An American Icon (book) by Bronwen Dickey - recommended! 
• Empire of Dogs: Canines, Japan, and the Making of the Modern Imperial World (book) and Breeding Racism: The Imperial Battlefields of the German Shepherd Dog (paper PDF) by Aaron Skabelund.
• SocioPolitical Construction of Southern African Dog 'Breeds' as a Window on Social History  (book chapter) by Sandra Swart - on the Boerboel, Rhodesian Ridgeback, and Africanis.
• The British Pekingese Dog and Nostalgia for Old China (paper) by Sarah Cheang
• The Dalmatian Dog (blog post) Example of historical revisionism. Dalmatia wasn't always a part of Croatia.
• Balkan Breeds (PDF) by Ria Horter. Mentions the break up of Yugoslavia and how some breeds had to then be assigned new countries of origin.
• What dog breeds say about race (article) by Gideon Lasco on European breeds in the context of Filipino street dogs.

Modern Purebred Dogs/Pedigree Dogs: 

• Understanding Standards by William Given, Canine Chronicle
•  FCI: Definition of Breed standards (PDF)
•  FCI: International Breeding Rules (PDF)
•  FCI procedure for the international recognition of a new breed (PDF)
• Westminster Kennel Club: How A Dog Show Works
• Coat Color Genetics (website)
• ️Decode Your Dog's Coat Type and Length by Embark
• The history of breed registries by Dr Alison Skipper (podcast) - Changes to the definition of "purebred" and breeding practices in the interwar years. Closed breed registers happened more recently than we think!
• Introduction to Canine Structure (PDF booklet) by Functional Dog Collaborative - a primer that applies to dogs in general, not just purebred dogs.

References for Changing Standards:

• Chow Chow's changing standards - from Chowtales.com
• Rebuilding the Bull Terrier - by David Hancock
• Doberman - different standards in different countries: FCI standards vs AKC standards
• Off-standard service Labrador Retrievers-  thank you to Dr. Mia Cobb for the photos!
• Black and Tan labrador retrievers by Guiding Eyes
• Meet Charlie - our latest brindle Labrador  Guide Dogs Australia (video)
•  Unique markings in GDB dogs! by Guide Dogs for the Blind

 Breeds and Health Risks 

•  ️The paradox of canine heritage; how ideas about “good breeding” change over time (essay) by Dr. Alison Skipper
• Pedigree Dogs Exposed (documentary) This links to the Wikipedia entry.
• The effects of inbreeding, body size, and morphology on dog health (science paper) by Dr Danika Brannisch
• Canine inherited disorders database (2010)
• The health and history of brachycephalic dogs by Dr Alison Skipper (podcast)

I have not listed references for every single genetic disease and associated breeds. I recommend visiting the Institute of Canine Biology website which has information for many breeds.

• LUA Dalmatians - The Dalmatian backcross project
• Genetic Rescue of the Highly Inbred Norwegian Lundehund (science paper) and Lundehundprosjektet - Norsk Lundehund Klubb
• Chinook Breed Conservation Program. Thank you to Karen Hinchey for answering my questions!  

 Village Dogs, breed splits/lineages - examples:

• Genetic structure in village dogs reveals a Central Asian domestication origin - Cornell University study (2015)
•  What is a Village Dog? by Alli Kendrick, Embark website
  
•  ️Defining the differences between the British Lab and the American Lab - Craig Koshyk
•  Differences between two breeds that share a common origin by Jennifer Wapenski
•  Variation in breeding practices and geographic isolation drive subpopulation differentiation (paper) by Sara Lampi

 Purpose-bred Mixes - examples:

• Vulpine Spitz (Purpose: companionship)
• Bosun Dog (Purpose: companionship)
• Sports-Mixes (Facebook community; Purpose: dog sports)
• St Pierre/Labernese service dogs
  

Mixed Breed Dogs   

• Learn Genetics quickly with this gummy bear experiment (DNA recombination) -MyModernMet.com. 
•  Why Breed doesn't always dictate appearance - Lisa Peterson, Embark
• What Breeds Make Up This Mutt? James Gorman, New York Times, on the Muttmix Project
• ️How accurate are those Dog DNA tests? - Linda Boettger PhD and Diane P. Genereux, PhD, IAABC Journal (With my illustrations)
• This is BS and Embark has a vendetta against me  (Private Facebook group) Friendly discussions of DNA results between people who used Embark for testing.

Chapter 2: Breed and Personality

General breed temperament/personality descriptions can be found in any breed's standard on kennel club websites.

• Behavioral differences among breeds of domestic dogs (paper) - Lindsay Mehrkam
• Ancestry-inclusive dog genomics challenges popular (pet) breed stereotypes (paper) - Kathleen Morrill.  
• Personality Tests for your Dog (blog post)- DarwinsArk.org
• Why do breeds of dog behave differently? (video) and How Dogs Work (book) by Raymond Coppinger. The Predatory Sequence diagram is based on Coppinger's chart and also informed by conversations with Dr. Kathryn Lord, Tracy McLennan, and Sara Reusche.
• Understanding predatory behavior (webinar & conversations) - Tracy McLennan 
• Behavioral Genetics (IAABC Foundation Course) - Dr Jessica Perry Hekman.
• The Science and Social Validity of Companion Animal Welfare (paper) - Lauren Novack.

Chapter 3: Dog Types and their Roles   

• Domestic dog lineages reveal genetic drivers of behavioral diversification (paper)- Emily Dutrow.  MY illustration of the different groups comes from this paper, which also covers EPHA and EFNA5 genes in sheepdog breeds.

 Herding Dogs & Sheepdogs

• Border Collie “eye” (video)
• Cattle Dog “heeling” and nipping  (video)
• GSD “tending” (video)
• Mass sheep herding (video)
•  Border Collie Museum

 Livestock Guardians   

• Preserving the essential traits and behaviors of livestock guardian dogs by Jan Dohner
• How dogs protected a community of little penguins   (video - Maremmas)
• Dogs ease Namibia's cheetah-farmer conflicts    (video - Anatolian Shepherds)
• The Mongolian Bankhar Project 

Terriers   

• A pictorial history of terriers - their politics and their place  by Terrierman.com
• Victorian rat-pits  
• 333 rats destroyed (video)

 Bulldogs or Bully Breeds 

•  British Bulldog history by Janedogs.com, including the sport of "bull-baiting".
• The History of Bulldogs by S. Westfall. A theory about the Alaunt origins of many bulldog types.

 Scenthounds 

• History of Scenthounds - Showsight Magazine
• Scenthounds for Finding - by Janedogs.com
• Coonhounds “treeing”   (video)

 Sighthounds   

• Greyhound Nation (book) by Edmund Russell
• Desert bred Salukis (breeder/preservation website)

Cruel Traditions -

• World Galgo Day - Dogster.com
• Hope For Podencos
• The Politics of Identity in Hunting Dogs - Jessica Pierce on hunting dogs and welfare.
• Welfare issues with greyhound racing - RSPCA 

Primitive-Type Dogs  & Spitzes

• Hunting with dogs - Africa - Jeremy Koster/SPARCS (video)
• Primitive Dogs: A Simple Guide. This presentation by Rajashree Khalap, Steffi Nierhoff, and Jenny Ostrop aims to clarify the terminology we use to talk about non-modern breeds. They differentiate TYPE from MODE OF LIFE. I also had many back and forth emails with Rajashree and Steffi.
• Primitive Dog Breeds (ie, Primitive by Type) website  
• Inuit Dog (website about landrace spitz types) 

Gun Dogs (Pointing Dogs, Spaniels, Retrievers, HPR):

• What is a Gun Dog? by Craig Koshyk, Projectupland.com
• Hunting Dog Confidential (podcast) by Jennifer Wapenski and Craig Koshyk for everything gun dog-related. They talk in depth about the creation and history of European hunting dog breeds.
• Force Free Gun Dog - gun dog training courses by Jo Laurens 
• Pointing puppies (video)
• Cocker Spaniel - quartering (video)

Assistance Dogs 

• US Service Animals official website
• A Service Dog is More Than A Vest (infographic) - Canine Companions

Scent Detection Dogs

• How A Dog's Nose Became A Powerful Tool for Science and Conservation - NPR
• What The Dog Knows (book) by Cat Warren
• Conservation Dogs Collective 
• Working Dogs for Conservation
• Bear the Koala Detection dog - Australian Geographic
• COVID-sniffing dogs - TIME
• National Homeland Security: Detection Canine

 Sports Dogs 

• All-breed sports - The UKC website has lots of information on different dog sports 

Companion Dogs

• Pampered Pets or Poor Bastards? (paper) by Iben Meyer
• Small Dogs are less likely to be housetrained than big dogs (blog post)- Companion Animal Psychology
• What do dogs have to do with race? (instagram account) - Kassidi Jones. On dogs and early Black American history.
• Dog Ownership Laws - Jim Crow Museum

 Free-Ranging Dogs/Free-Living Dogs/Street Dogs 

• The Free Dogs of India by Krithika Srinivasa & Chris Pearson
• Trans-species care: Taiwan's Feral Dogs (PDF) by Dr Chia-Ju Chang
• On Streeties (Podcast interview) - Sindhoor Pangal,
• Dog Knows: Learning How to Learn from Dogs  (book) - Sindhoor Pangal
• What Rez Dogs mean to the Lakota - Richard Meyers & Ernest Weston Jr
• Companion and free-ranging Bali Dogs (paper) - Luca Corrieri

Chapter 4: Geographical Origins and Histories 

For my research, I prioritized referring to the FCI standards (national kennel clubs) over AKC standards (American Kennel Club) for most breeds. For example, I used Pyrenean Mountain Dog (FCI name) instead of Great Pyrenees (AKC name) because this is a French breed.

I also used Wikipedia (a resource I donate to!) and looked up scholarly or breeder websites for the rarer breeds, sometimes with the help of Google Translate. Friends and social media contacts also helped. Please note that at the time of writing this book, very little has been written up in the English language about the regional dogs of all of Asia and Africa.

 Search any breed (internet): 

• Wikipedia 
• Federation Cynologique Internationale (FCI)
• American Kennel Club (AKC)
• National Purebred Dog Day
• Project Upland (Dog Breeds)
• Embark Vet (under Breeds) - includes Village Dogs
• Wisdom Panel (under Breeds) - includes Street Dogs
• Janedogs.com
• What Are Stray Dogs Called Around the World? (blog post)

 This list will be added to over time...